Spitfire List Web site and blog of anti-fascist researcher and radio personality Dave Emory.

For The Record  

FTR #188 American Gladio?

Lis­ten: Side 1 | Side 2

This broad­cast presents long excerpts of a man­u­script by researcher Kevin Coogan, the bril­liant author of Dream­er of the Day: Fran­cis Park­er Yock­ey and the Post­war Fas­cist Inter­na­tion­al (Autono­me­dia, copy­right 1999.)

Spec­u­la­tive in nature, this pro­gram high­lights infor­ma­tion that sug­gests the dis­tinct pos­si­bil­i­ty of a domes­tic ver­sion of “Oper­a­tion Stay Behind” and its Ital­ian com­po­nent, “Oper­a­tion Glad­io”. The above were NATO oper­a­tions that uti­lized extreme right and fas­cist ele­ments as poten­tial gueril­la forces to fight against com­mu­nists in the event of either a suc­cess­ful Sovi­et takeover of West­ern Europe (an extreme improb­a­bil­i­ty), or the greater like­li­hood of a pop­u­lar Com­mu­nist takeover of a major West­ern Euro­pean coun­try. In prac­tice, Glad­io result­ed in a pro­gram of ter­ror­ist acts (bomb­ings, kid­nap­pings and assas­si­na­tions) direct­ed against the left. (Many of those acts were actu­al­ly blamed on the left, in order to dis­cred­it it in the eyes of the pub­lic.)

Dis­turbed by the alleged lack of “back­bone” demon­strat­ed by Amer­i­can mil­i­tary per­son­nel dur­ing the Kore­an War, Amer­i­can strate­gic thinkers under­took to indoc­tri­nate the Amer­i­can pub­lic with a prac­ti­cal­ly mil­i­tant, anti-Com­mu­nist per­spec­tive. These lead­ers feared that, in the event of a pro­tract­ed nuclear face-off with the Sovi­ets, lack of Amer­i­can polit­i­cal resolve could result in the Unit­ed States “blink­ing” and back­ing down in such a con­fronta­tion.

In 1958, the Eisen­how­er admin­is­tra­tion issued a Nation­al Secu­ri­ty Coun­cil direc­tive autho­riz­ing the mil­i­tary to engage in a pro­gram of polit­i­cal indoc­tri­na­tion of mil­i­tary per­son­nel and (more impor­tant­ly) the civil­ian pop­u­la­tion as well. The goal of this direc­tive was to alter the polit­i­cal views of the Amer­i­can peo­ple. The con­sti­tu­tion­al impli­ca­tions of this direc­tive could not be exag­ger­at­ed. The bulk of the broad­cast exam­ines evi­dence that sug­gests that, as a result of this NSC direc­tive, the nation­al secu­ri­ty estab­lish­ment began uti­liz­ing far-right and fas­cist groups in order to real­ize the desired ide­o­log­i­cal trans­for­ma­tion. Mr. Emory sug­gests that these net­works may very well have been uti­lized in the Amer­i­can polit­i­cal assas­si­na­tions of the 1960s and ear­ly 1970s, as well as domes­tic intel­li­gence oper­a­tions against the civ­il rights and anti-Viet­nam War move­ments.

Pro­gram High­lights Include: con­nec­tions between Kennedy assas­si­na­tion fig­ure Guy Ban­nis­ter and Amer­i­can Nazi Par­ty leader George Lin­coln Rock­well; Ban­nis­ter’s con­nec­tions to both the nation­al secu­ri­ty estab­lish­ment and overt­ly fas­cist ele­ments; intel­li­gence net­works and polit­i­cal fronts in the Unit­ed States estab­lished by the Ger­man Rein­hard Gehlen spy orga­ni­za­tion; the use of Nazi ele­ments by a Ger­man com­po­nent of “Oper­a­tion Stay Behind;” the estab­lish­ment of the Ger­man Nazi paper DNZ by U.S. intel­li­gence as a com­po­nent of the Ger­man “Stay Behind;” con­nec­tions between Robert Sur­rey (an aide to Kennedy assas­si­na­tion fig­ure Gen­er­al Edwin Walk­er) and George Lin­coln Rock­well; evi­dence sug­gest­ing that Sur­rey’s financ­ing of Walk­er’s Amer­i­can Mer­cury news­pa­per may have been financed by either Ger­man intel­li­gence or U.S. intel­li­gence (the paper was lat­er tak­en over by Willis Car­to, head of the Lib­er­ty Lob­by); con­nec­tions between Sur­rey and the Schmidt broth­ers (appar­ent­ly involved in the Kennedy assas­si­na­tion); indi­ca­tions that the Schmidt broth­ers CUSA orga­ni­za­tion may also have result­ed from the ’58 NSC directive,“Stay Behind;” the Schmidts’ Nazi ide­ol­o­gy; the polit­i­cal assault on lib­er­al Amer­i­can anti-Com­mu­nists by far-right ele­ments; the pos­si­bil­i­ty that the DNZ’s pub­li­ca­tion of the alle­ga­tion that Lee Har­vey Oswald tried to kill Gen­er­al Walk­er was used by the BND (Ger­man intel­li­gence) to pres­sure the CIA. (Record­ed on 1/9/2000.)

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