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FTR #977 Operation Mind Control, Part 4: Subverting the Political Will, Part 2

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This broad­cast was record­ed in one, 60-minute seg­ment.

Intro­duc­tion: Con­tin­u­ing our exam­i­na­tion of the intel­li­gence com­mu­ni­ty’s mind con­trol pro­grams, this broad­cast recaps research into Jon­estown. Specif­i­cal­ly, we exam­ine Jon­estown as a prob­a­ble intel­li­gence front and exten­sion of the CIA’s mind con­trol efforts.

This, in turn, is against the back­ground of indi­ca­tions that Julian Assange’s roots are in the San­ti­nike­tan Park Asso­ci­a­tion, as well as Bernie Sanders’ asso­ciate Tul­si Gab­bard, who is deeply involved with an off­shoot of the Hare Krish­na cult.

The pro­gram begins with a talk giv­en by Joe Holsinger, a leg­isla­tive aide to the late Rep­re­sen­ta­tive Leo Ryan.

Mr. Holsinger made a num­ber of points about appar­ent intel­li­gence com­mu­ni­ty links to Jon­estown, indi­cat­ing that Jon­estown may well have been an “op,” with a num­ber of facets.

Holsinger made a num­ber of points in his pre­sen­ta­tion, includ­ing:

  1. Richard Dwyer, an intel­li­gence offi­cer (alleged to be CIA sta­tion chief in Guyana by cred­i­ble sources) was very close to Jones, who could be heard shout­ing “Get Dwyer out of here” in a record­ing made in the imme­di­ate run-up to the Jon­estown mas­sacre.
  2. George Philip Blakey, a CIA oper­a­tive pre­vi­ous­ly involved with UNITA in Ango­la, made the ini­tial down pay­ment on the Guyana prop­er­ty that became Jon­estown.
  3. Blakey is the hus­band of Deb­bie Lay­ton Blakey, whose broth­er Lar­ry Lay­ton, Jr. led the shoot­er squad at the Port Kai­tu­ma air strip. Lawrence Lay­ton Sr., the father of Deb­bie and Lar­ry Jr., had been chief of the Chem­i­cal War­fare  Research pro­gram at Dug­way Prov­ing Grounds in Utah. Lay­ton, Sr. and his wife Lisa were also mem­bers of the Peo­ple’s Tem­ple.
  4. There were cred­i­ble accounts of the Jon­estown pop­u­la­tion being used to prop up the Guyanese gov­ern­ment.
  5. Rep­re­sen­ta­tive Leo Ryan was co-author of the Hugh­es-Ryan amend­ment that oblig­ed the CIA to give Con­gress pri­or notice of covert oper­a­tions. If Jon­estown was a CIA oper­a­tion, it would have vio­lat­ed the Hugh­es-Ryan amend­ment. Ryan’s assas­si­na­tion at the Port Kai­tu­ma airstrip sent an unam­bigu­ous mes­sage agency crit­ics.
  6. Mem­bers of the Peo­ple’s Tem­ple at Jon­estown had med­ical checks every day, indi­cat­ing that some form of exper­i­men­ta­tion may have been going on.
  7. Com­par­a­tive­ly few of the vic­tims actu­al­ly drank the poi­soned Kool Aid. Many were shot to death and oth­ers had been killed by lethal injec­tions admin­is­tered in their arms.
  8. After sev­er­al days of offi­cial­dom say­ing that sev­er­al hun­dred vic­tims had been found and hun­dreds of oth­ers were miss­ing, the “miss­ing” Jon­estown pop­u­la­tion were said to have been found under the first group of vic­tims, a high­ly unlike­ly sce­nario.

Pro­gram High­lights Include: 

  1. Peo­ple’s Tem­ple attor­ney Mark Lane’s attempts to get Grace Stephens–a key wit­ness in the assas­si­na­tion of Mar­tin Luther King–to Jon­estown, where she would have died in the mas­sacre.
  2. Mark Lane’s dual roles as attor­ney for Peo­ple’s Tem­ple (which he main­tained was a “par­adise on earth”) and the attor­ney for James Earl Ray, the pat­sy for the assas­si­na­tion of Mar­tin Luther King. Lane’s [cor­rect] asser­tion that Ray was inno­cent was bad­ly taint­ed after the Jon­estown mas­sacre took place.
  3. Lawrence Lay­ton’s mar­riage into the Philip fam­i­ly, whose Ger­man roots extend­ed back to I.G. Far­ben and Siemens.
  4. Lawrence Lay­ton’s work on the Man­hat­tan Project.
  5. Orders from “high up” that all polit­i­cal­ly sen­si­tive papers and iden­ti­fi­ca­tion were removed from the bod­ies at Jon­estown.
  6. The fact that many of the bod­ies had iden­ti­fi­ca­tion tags on them.
  7. Zbig­niew Brezin­s­ki aide Robert Pas­tor’s giv­ing of the order to strip the bod­ies of iden­ti­fi­ca­tion.
  8. The sus­pi­cious sui­cide of Ani­ta Philip, the wife of I.G. Far­ben lawyer Hugo Philip.

Discussion

One comment for “FTR #977 Operation Mind Control, Part 4: Subverting the Political Will, Part 2”

  1. Oh look, it’s MKULTRA for Kids. Yep. That’s what was just revealed in an Dan­ish radio report on a CIA-fund­ed exper­i­ment run for at least decades. The report was based on the work of doc­u­men­tar­i­an Per Wen­nick, who was one of 311 par­tic­i­pants in the exper­i­ment. Wen­nick was an orphan in Copen­hagen who was asked if he want­ed to try some­thing “fun” at the local munic­i­pal hos­pi­tal at the age of 11. It was vague­ly described as an exam­i­na­tion of how chil­dren “feel”. Wen­nick was sub­ject­ed to a series of reg­u­lar tests, which includ­ed being forced to lis­ten to record­ings on head­phones of loud nois­es, screams, and state­ments intend­ed to scare him. Staff strapped him to a chair while elec­trodes were placed on his arms, legs, and chest, mea­sur­ing his heart rate, tem­per­a­ture, and sweat lev­els. Wen­nick con­tin­ued with the pro­gram until he was 24. It was a decade let­ter when Wen­nick learned dur­ing a ran­dom hos­pi­tal vis­it that his every con­tact with health­care ser­vices was report­ed to the Dan­ish Psy­cho­log­i­cal Insti­tute for rea­sons nev­er made clear to him. In oth­er words, the peo­ple run­ning this pro­gram were con­tin­u­ing to track Wen­nick.

    In 2018, Wen­nick saw the doc­u­men­tary “Three Iden­ti­cal Strangers,” about triplets delib­er­ate­ly sep­a­rat­ed at birth and offered up for adop­tion to fam­i­lies of dif­fer­ing socioe­co­nom­ic back­grounds, in a covert and high­ly uneth­i­cal sci­en­tif­ic “nature ver­sus nur­ture” study. He began sus­pect­ing he may have been part of a sim­i­lar exper­i­ment. And after much dig­ging, Wen­nick got his answer. The exper­i­ment goes back to the CIA’s efforts to study com­mu­nist brain­wash­ing tech­niques start­ed in the ear­ly 1950s and was even­tu­al­ly fold­ed into the MKULTRA pro­gram. Zarnoff A. Med­nick, a U.S. psy­chol­o­gist inter­est­ed in what dis­tin­guish­es schiz­o­phrenic patients from neu­rotyp­i­cal peo­ple and patients with oth­er dis­or­ders, start­ed the pro­gram in col­lab­o­ra­tion with Dan­ish pro­fes­sor Fini Schulsinger. In their ini­tial study, they used a case group of 207 chil­dren with schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers and a con­trol group of 104 chil­dren with­out schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, includ­ing Wen­nick. Over a third of the par­tic­i­pants were orphans. In 1977, Schulsinger pub­lished a doc­tor­al dis­ser­ta­tion on the project. Denmark’s Min­istry of Jus­tice inter­vened to ensure, con­trary to stan­dard prac­tice, he was not required to under­take a pub­lic defense of his the­sis.

    Fol­low­ing this dis­cov­ery, Wen­nick con­tin­ued search­ing for doc­u­ments on the project and even­tu­al­ly iden­ti­fied 36 box­es of mate­r­i­al stored in the base­ment of a psy­chi­atric cen­ter in a Copen­hagen sub­urb. When he asked a psy­chi­a­trist to assist him in obtain­ing access to those doc­u­ments, the cen­ter began shred­ding them, on the basis that it was unable to store research papers after a pro­jec­t’s con­clu­sion. The tim­ing is quite remark­able!

    Wen­nick also learned the project has a bud­get of around $700,000 annu­al­ly (adjust­ed for infla­tion), and rough­ly a quar­ter of that came from a CIA front call the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund. The Fund, orig­i­nal­ly the Soci­ety for the Inves­ti­ga­tion of Human Ecol­o­gy, is described as an out­growth of QKHILLTOP, one of the CIA’s mind con­trol pro­grams launched in the ear­ly 1950s and absorbed into MKULTRA. It was found­ed in 1954 by renowned neu­rol­o­gist and lead­ing author­i­ty on stress, migraines, and bio-phys­i­o­log­i­cal mech­a­nisms of human pain Harold G. Wolff. Wolff was per­son­al­ly recruit­ed for the project by Allen Dulles. As the fol­low­ing arti­cle notes, the CIA’s 1963 KUBARK inter­ro­ga­tion man­u­al, which advo­cates the use of elec­tric shock, threats, fear, sen­so­ry depri­va­tion and iso­la­tion, repeat­ed­ly cit­ed the work of Human Ecol­o­gy-sup­port­ed schol­ars.

    So one of the CIA’s orig­i­nal psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture pro­grams had a kid com­po­nent. Now we know. Well, ok, it start­ed off secret­ly track­ing kids. Then they grew up and became secret­ly tracked adults.:

    The Dis­senter

    CIA Fund­ed Exper­i­ments On Dan­ish Orphans For Decades

    Did the CIA con­duct exper­i­ments on Dan­ish orphans to per­fect tor­ture tech­niques?

    Kit Klaren­berg
    Jan­u­ary 26, 2022

    An extra­or­di­nary Dan­ish Radio report exposed how scores of chil­dren in Den­mark, many of them orphans, were sub­ject to CIA-fund­ed exper­i­ments for at least two decades.

    The pur­pose of these activ­i­ties remains unknown, as author­i­ties con­tin­ue to active­ly sup­press the truth of what hap­pened in the 1960s and ear­ly 1970s.

    The star­tling exposé is based on the work of doc­u­men­tar­i­an Per Wen­nick, who was one of 311 par­tic­i­pants in the mys­te­ri­ous tri­als. The chil­dren nev­er learned the objec­tive of the tor­tu­ous assess­ments to which they were exposed, even after they end­ed.

    Such tri­als are in con­flict with the Nurem­berg Code, which enforces the vital require­ment of obtain­ing con­sent from human sub­jects in all med­ical research.

    Accord­ing to Wen­nick, when he was 11 years old, he was asked at an author­i­tar­i­an orphan­age in Copen­hagen if he want­ed to try some­thing “fun” at the local munic­i­pal hos­pi­tal. It was vague­ly described as an exam­i­na­tion of how chil­dren “feel”. Believ­ing it would be a wel­come diver­sion, he acqui­esced and even received a small sum for his par­tic­i­pa­tion.

    Wen­nick went on to under­go a series of reg­u­lar tests, which includ­ed being forced to lis­ten to record­ings on head­phones of loud nois­es, screams, and state­ments intend­ed to scare him. Staff strapped him to a chair while elec­trodes were placed on his arms, legs, and chest, mea­sur­ing his heart rate, tem­per­a­ture, and sweat lev­els.

    These exper­i­ments con­tin­ued until 1973, when Wen­nick was 24-years-old. How­ev­er, a decade lat­er, while in a hos­pi­tal due to a skin com­plaint, he learned his visit—in fact, his every con­tact with health­care ser­vices— was report­ed to the Dan­ish Psy­cho­log­i­cal Insti­tute for rea­sons nev­er made clear to him.

    Fast for­ward to 2018. While at a film fes­ti­val in the Unit­ed States, he saw the doc­u­men­tary “Three Iden­ti­cal Strangers,” which tells the sto­ry of triplets delib­er­ate­ly sep­a­rat­ed at birth and offered up for adop­tion to fam­i­lies of dif­fer­ing socioe­co­nom­ic back­grounds, in a covert and high­ly uneth­i­cal sci­en­tif­ic “nature ver­sus nur­ture” study.

    It occurred to Wen­nick he too may have been unwit­ting­ly caught up in a sim­i­lar exper­i­ment.

    The Search For More Records On Human Exper­i­ments

    Dili­gent dig­ging in local archives unearthed a num­ber of papers reveal­ing that the project in which Wen­nick became embroiled was the brain­child of Zarnoff A. Med­nick, a U.S. psy­chol­o­gist inter­est­ed in what dis­tin­guish­es schiz­o­phrenic patients from neu­rotyp­i­cal peo­ple and patients with oth­er dis­or­ders.

    ...

    Med­nick col­lab­o­rat­ed with Dan­ish pro­fes­sor Fini Schulsinger, con­struct­ing a study of 207 chil­dren with schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, and a con­trol group of 104 chil­dren with­out schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, includ­ing Wen­nick. He sought to ascer­tain how many would devel­op schiz­o­phre­nia and how it might man­i­fest. Over a third of the par­tic­i­pants were orphans.

    In 1977, Schulsinger pub­lished a doc­tor­al dis­ser­ta­tion on the project. Denmark’s Min­istry of Jus­tice inter­vened to ensure, con­trary to stan­dard prac­tice, he was not required to under­take a ‘viva,’ which is a pub­lic defence of his the­sis. That kept the survey’s back­ground a secret.

    Hav­ing piqued his curios­i­ty, Wen­nick went off in search of more records relat­ed to the exper­i­ments.

    Even­tu­al­ly, he iden­ti­fied 36 box­es of mate­r­i­al stored in the base­ment of a psy­chi­atric cen­ter in a Copen­hagen sub­urb. He asked Josef Par­nas, a psy­chi­a­trist he inter­viewed for his doc­u­men­tary series, to assist him. But when the cen­ter learned of his request, it began shred­ding the doc­u­ments, on the alleged basis it was unable to store research papers after a project’s con­clu­sion. This may have been a vio­la­tion of Dan­ish law..

    There are fur­ther rea­sons to doubt the psy­chi­atric center’s stat­ed ratio­nale. The project was lav­ish­ly fund­ed and received around $700,000 when adjust­ed for infla­tion.

    Rough­ly a quar­ter of that mon­ey flowed from the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund, a CIA front and out­growth of QKHILLTOP, one of a clus­ter of mind con­trol pro­grams launched by the agency in the 1950s to study alleged com­mu­nist brain­wash­ing tech­niques and devel­op inter­ro­ga­tion strate­gies. It was even­tu­al­ly absorbed into the noto­ri­ous MKULTRA.

    This may explain why, along with inva­sive and cru­el psy­cho­log­i­cal exams, the Dan­ish chil­dren were also sub­ject to exten­sive phys­i­o­log­i­cal and men­tal assess­ments. In one of the Fund’s exper­i­ments, par­tic­i­pants had to agree or dis­agree with around 600 dif­fer­ent state­ments, a test orig­i­nal­ly designed to screen sol­diers for fas­cist sym­pa­thies around World War II.

    Scant infor­ma­tion is avail­able pub­licly on QKHILLTOP’s dimen­sions even today, although an aca­d­e­m­ic paper pub­lished in June 2007 shed sig­nif­i­cant light on the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund’s cloak-and-dag­ger activ­i­ties.

    Orig­i­nal­ly named the Soci­ety for the Inves­ti­ga­tion of Human Ecol­o­gy, it was found­ed in 1954 by Harold G. Wolff. A renowned neu­rol­o­gist and lead­ing author­i­ty on stress, migraines, and bio-phys­i­o­log­i­cal mech­a­nisms of human pain, he was per­son­al­ly recruit­ed for the project by CIA chief Allen Dulles, who fos­tered busi­ness in Adolf Hitler’s Ger­many.

    There­after, the Soci­ety pro­vid­ed siz­able financ­ing to social sci­en­tists and med­ical researchers, pri­mar­i­ly in fur­ther­ance of the CIA’s behav­ior mod­i­fi­ca­tion and per­sua­sion goals. They also iden­ti­fied “spe­cif­ic cul­tur­al infor­ma­tion” about Cold War ene­my pop­u­la­tions, such as Chi­na or Rus­sia.

    Sex­u­al­i­ty was a sub­ject of intense study. “Both plea­sure and pain were areas of inter­est for those study­ing inter­ro­ga­tion,” the paper record­ed.

    Projects were award­ed small­er grants that like­ly had no intel­li­gence or nation­al secu­ri­ty appli­ca­tions but pro­vid­ed the orga­ni­za­tion with “a nec­es­sary false appear­ance of legit­i­ma­cy for the pub­lic and the aca­d­e­m­ic com­mu­ni­ty,” such as stud­ies on cra­nial analy­sis and Puer­to Rican migra­tion.

    ‘Becom­ing More Child­like’

    A 1963 CIA Inspec­tor Gen­er­al review of MKULTRA opaque­ly not­ed that in cer­tain cas­es aca­d­e­mics employed under its aus­pices “may be aware of our inter­est” in a research pro­gram.

    It added “expe­ri­ence has shown that qual­i­fied, com­pe­tent indi­vid­u­als in the field of phar­ma­co­log­i­cal, phys­i­o­log­i­cal, psy­chi­atric, and oth­er bio­log­i­cal sci­ences are most reluc­tant to enter into signed agree­ments of any sort which con­nect them with this activ­i­ty, since such a con­nec­tion would jeop­ar­dize their pro­fes­sion­al rep­u­ta­tions.”

    Lan­g­ley got around this prob­lem by sim­ply keep­ing most par­tic­i­pat­ing sci­en­tists in the dark as to the agen­cy’s role in com­mis­sion­ing the research pro­gram. They hood­winked sci­en­tists and hid the malign pur­pos­es behind their labor.

    For exam­ple, in the late 1950s the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund bankrolled a trip to Nige­ria for psy­chi­a­trist Ray­mond Prince to under­take “tran­scul­tur­al psy­cho­log­i­cal stud­ies.”

    Prince had no idea the CIA intend­ed for his work to “add some­what to our under­stand­ing of native Yoru­ba psy­chi­a­try, includ­ing the use of drugs, many of which are unknown or not much used by West­ern prac­ti­tion­ers.” and “assist in the iden­ti­fi­ca­tion of promis­ing young [redact­ed] who may be of direct inter­est to the agency.”

    He lat­er con­clud­ed that over­seas trips spon­sored by the Fund were attempts to recruit for­eign nation­als and col­lect data “on cul­tures and coun­tries of inter­est to the CIA for psy­cho­log­i­cal war­fare pur­pos­es.”

    Seem­ing­ly innocu­ous sur­veys of the per­son­al­i­ty types and fam­i­ly struc­ture of Chi­nese nation­als resid­ing in the U.S. could be mali­cious­ly exploit­ed, “to iden­ti­fy dis­grun­tled refugees with suit­able per­son­al­i­ty pro­files who had fled the com­mu­nist regime 10 years ear­li­er and might be per­suad­ed to act as CIA agents back in Chi­na.”

    Research find­ings from the Fund’s assort­ed ini­tia­tives fur­ther­more appear to have pro­vid­ed major com­po­nents of the CIA’s 1963 KUBARK inter­ro­ga­tion man­u­al, giv­en that doc­u­ment, which advo­cates the use of elec­tric shock, threats, fear, sen­so­ry depri­va­tion and iso­la­tion, repeat­ed­ly cit­ed the work of Human Ecol­o­gy-sup­port­ed schol­ars.

    As his­to­ri­an Alfred W. McCoy record­ed, most con­firmed MKULTRA research efforts did not actu­al­ly relate to pro­pa­gan­da or brain­wash­ing at all but involved phys­i­cal and psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture tech­niques.

    It is, there­fore, dis­turb­ing that the Fund’s 1961–1963 progress report lists sev­er­al stud­ies relat­ed to child­hood, which it sup­port­ed, such as “con­cep­tu­al devel­op­ment in chil­dren and young adults.”

    This may relate to the KUBARK man­u­al, giv­en the doc­u­ment dis­cuss­es how, when its assort­ed tech­niques are applied, “the usu­al effect…is regres­sion,” and a subject’s “mature defens­es crum­bles [sic] as he becomes more child­like [empha­sis added].” The CIA con­sid­ered it “usu­al­ly use­ful to inten­si­fy” such feel­ings.

    ...

    Agency chemist Sid­ney Got­tlieb, who head­ed MKULTRA from its incep­tion until retir­ing in 1973, died in March 1999. He helped hatch numer­ous assas­si­na­tion plots that tar­get­ed lead­ers in the Glob­al South.

    A New York Times obit­u­ary quot­ed a name­less Lan­g­ley oper­a­tive as say­ing MKULTRA specif­i­cal­ly tar­get­ed men­tal patients, pris­on­ers, drug addicts, and pros­ti­tutes as “human guinea pigs.” They were con­sid­ered good sub­jects because they were “peo­ple who could not fight back.”

    Alto­geth­er, Wen­nick­’s inves­ti­ga­tion rais­es grim ques­tions. Where else in the world might the CIA have sup­port­ed uneth­i­cal human exper­i­ments on vul­ner­a­ble and defense­less youths, and why?

    ———–

    “CIA Fund­ed Exper­i­ments On Dan­ish Orphans For Decades” by Kit Klaren­berg; The Dis­senter; 01/26/2022

    “As his­to­ri­an Alfred W. McCoy record­ed, most con­firmed MKULTRA research efforts did not actu­al­ly relate to pro­pa­gan­da or brain­wash­ing at all but involved phys­i­cal and psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture tech­niques.

    Yes, MKULTRA was­n’t as bad as its rep­u­ta­tion sug­gests. It was worse. Phys­i­cal and psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture were the focus. And vul­ner­a­ble pop­u­la­tions were the sub­jects. Which is part of what makes the sto­ry of these exper­i­ments on forcibly-sep­a­rat­ed iden­ti­cal twins so dis­turb­ing. Kids were being sub­ject­ed to these exper­i­ments designed to scare them and mea­sure their fear. And part of a larg­er pro­gram intend­ed to enhance the CIA’s capac­i­ty for inflict­ing phys­i­cal and psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture. This is a sick pro­gram:

    ...
    Accord­ing to Wen­nick, when he was 11 years old, he was asked at an author­i­tar­i­an orphan­age in Copen­hagen if he want­ed to try some­thing “fun” at the local munic­i­pal hos­pi­tal. It was vague­ly described as an exam­i­na­tion of how chil­dren “feel”. Believ­ing it would be a wel­come diver­sion, he acqui­esced and even received a small sum for his par­tic­i­pa­tion.

    Wen­nick went on to under­go a series of reg­u­lar tests, which includ­ed being forced to lis­ten to record­ings on head­phones of loud nois­es, screams, and state­ments intend­ed to scare him. Staff strapped him to a chair while elec­trodes were placed on his arms, legs, and chest, mea­sur­ing his heart rate, tem­per­a­ture, and sweat lev­els.

    These exper­i­ments con­tin­ued until 1973, when Wen­nick was 24-years-old. How­ev­er, a decade lat­er, while in a hos­pi­tal due to a skin com­plaint, he learned his visit—in fact, his every con­tact with health­care ser­vices— was report­ed to the Dan­ish Psy­cho­log­i­cal Insti­tute for rea­sons nev­er made clear to him.

    Fast for­ward to 2018. While at a film fes­ti­val in the Unit­ed States, he saw the doc­u­men­tary “Three Iden­ti­cal Strangers,” which tells the sto­ry of triplets delib­er­ate­ly sep­a­rat­ed at birth and offered up for adop­tion to fam­i­lies of dif­fer­ing socioe­co­nom­ic back­grounds, in a covert and high­ly uneth­i­cal sci­en­tif­ic “nature ver­sus nur­ture” study.

    It occurred to Wen­nick he too may have been unwit­ting­ly caught up in a sim­i­lar exper­i­ment.
    ...

    But part of what made the pro­gram so dis­turb­ing is the fact that they were focused on the chil­dren of schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, osten­si­bly to try to pre­dict which of these chil­dren would devel­op schiz­o­phre­nia them­selves, and then sub­ject­ing these kids to unusu­al psy­cho­log­i­cal stress­es dur­ing the very same peri­od when schiz­o­phre­nia tends to devel­op. It rais­es the ques­tion of whether or not these exper­i­ments were con­tribut­ing towards the devel­op of schiz­o­phre­nia in vul­ner­a­ble indi­vid­u­als. Even worse, it rais­es the ques­tion of whether or not the induc­tion of schiz­o­phre­nia was one of the goals:

    ...
    Dili­gent dig­ging in local archives unearthed a num­ber of papers reveal­ing that the project in which Wen­nick became embroiled was the brain­child of Zarnoff A. Med­nick, a U.S. psy­chol­o­gist inter­est­ed in what dis­tin­guish­es schiz­o­phrenic patients from neu­rotyp­i­cal peo­ple and patients with oth­er dis­or­ders.

    ...

    Med­nick col­lab­o­rat­ed with Dan­ish pro­fes­sor Fini Schulsinger, con­struct­ing a study of 207 chil­dren with schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, and a con­trol group of 104 chil­dren with­out schiz­o­phrenic moth­ers, includ­ing Wen­nick. He sought to ascer­tain how many would devel­op schiz­o­phre­nia and how it might man­i­fest. Over a third of the par­tic­i­pants were orphans.

    In 1977, Schulsinger pub­lished a doc­tor­al dis­ser­ta­tion on the project. Denmark’s Min­istry of Jus­tice inter­vened to ensure, con­trary to stan­dard prac­tice, he was not required to under­take a ‘viva,’ which is a pub­lic defence of his the­sis. That kept the survey’s back­ground a secret.

    ...

    A New York Times obit­u­ary quot­ed a name­less Lan­g­ley oper­a­tive as say­ing MKULTRA specif­i­cal­ly tar­get­ed men­tal patients, pris­on­ers, drug addicts, and pros­ti­tutes as “human guinea pigs.” They were con­sid­ered good sub­jects because they were “peo­ple who could not fight back.”
    ...

    And note how this all came out the CIA’s fran­tic attempts to study alleged com­mu­nist brain­wash­ing tech­niques that were being used on inter­ro­gat­ed sol­diers. Recall how it was the pub­lic admis­sion of cap­ture US ser­vice­men dur­ing the Kore­an war mak­ing pub­lic admis­sion of the use of biowar­fare tac­tics that act­ed as the ini­tial rea­son for the CIA’s study of mind-con­trol pro­gram. But that mind-con­trol pro­gram also dou­bled as an implic­it denial that such biowar­fare was indeed tak­ing place despite the fact that it was actu­al­ly hap­pen­ing and the cap­ture sol­diers were like­ly telling the truth when mak­ing those admis­sions. So it sounds like the QKHILLTOP pro­gram that was financ­ing the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund emerged from those ear­ly efforts:

    ...
    Even­tu­al­ly, he iden­ti­fied 36 box­es of mate­r­i­al stored in the base­ment of a psy­chi­atric cen­ter in a Copen­hagen sub­urb. He asked Josef Par­nas, a psy­chi­a­trist he inter­viewed for his doc­u­men­tary series, to assist him. But when the cen­ter learned of his request, it began shred­ding the doc­u­ments, on the alleged basis it was unable to store research papers after a project’s con­clu­sion. This may have been a vio­la­tion of Dan­ish law..

    There are fur­ther rea­sons to doubt the psy­chi­atric center’s stat­ed ratio­nale. The project was lav­ish­ly fund­ed and received around $700,000 when adjust­ed for infla­tion.

    Rough­ly a quar­ter of that mon­ey flowed from the Human Ecol­o­gy Fund, a CIA front and out­growth of QKHILLTOP, one of a clus­ter of mind con­trol pro­grams launched by the agency in the 1950s to study alleged com­mu­nist brain­wash­ing tech­niques and devel­op inter­ro­ga­tion strate­gies. It was even­tu­al­ly absorbed into the noto­ri­ous MKULTRA.

    ...

    Orig­i­nal­ly named the Soci­ety for the Inves­ti­ga­tion of Human Ecol­o­gy, it was found­ed in 1954 by Harold G. Wolff. A renowned neu­rol­o­gist and lead­ing author­i­ty on stress, migraines, and bio-phys­i­o­log­i­cal mech­a­nisms of human pain, he was per­son­al­ly recruit­ed for the project by CIA chief Allen Dulles, who fos­tered busi­ness in Adolf Hitler’s Ger­many.

    There­after, the Soci­ety pro­vid­ed siz­able financ­ing to social sci­en­tists and med­ical researchers, pri­mar­i­ly in fur­ther­ance of the CIA’s behav­ior mod­i­fi­ca­tion and per­sua­sion goals. They also iden­ti­fied “spe­cif­ic cul­tur­al infor­ma­tion” about Cold War ene­my pop­u­la­tions, such as Chi­na or Rus­sia.

    ...

    Research find­ings from the Fund’s assort­ed ini­tia­tives fur­ther­more appear to have pro­vid­ed major com­po­nents of the CIA’s 1963 KUBARK inter­ro­ga­tion man­u­al, giv­en that doc­u­ment, which advo­cates the use of elec­tric shock, threats, fear, sen­so­ry depri­va­tion and iso­la­tion, repeat­ed­ly cit­ed the work of Human Ecol­o­gy-sup­port­ed schol­ars.

    It is, there­fore, dis­turb­ing that the Fund’s 1961–1963 progress report lists sev­er­al stud­ies relat­ed to child­hood, which it sup­port­ed, such as “con­cep­tu­al devel­op­ment in chil­dren and young adults.”

    This may relate to the KUBARK man­u­al, giv­en the doc­u­ment dis­cuss­es how, when its assort­ed tech­niques are applied, “the usu­al effect…is regres­sion,” and a subject’s “mature defens­es crum­bles [sic] as he becomes more child­like [empha­sis added].” The CIA con­sid­ered it “usu­al­ly use­ful to inten­si­fy” such feel­ings.
    ...

    Anoth­er grim but obvi­ous ques­tion raised by this whole sto­ry is the ques­tion of just how preva­lent is the prac­tice of set­ting up aca­d­e­m­ic stud­ies for covert pur­pos­es that are kept covert from the aca­d­e­mics them­selves. Because if the CIA is run­ning around secret­ly financ­ing projects, odds are its secret­ly manip­u­lat­ing them in oth­er ways too. Are these aca­d­e­mics get­ting swarmed by spooks secret­ly join­ing their projects too? How preva­lent is this?

    ...
    A 1963 CIA Inspec­tor Gen­er­al review of MKULTRA opaque­ly not­ed that in cer­tain cas­es aca­d­e­mics employed under its aus­pices “may be aware of our inter­est” in a research pro­gram.

    It added “expe­ri­ence has shown that qual­i­fied, com­pe­tent indi­vid­u­als in the field of phar­ma­co­log­i­cal, phys­i­o­log­i­cal, psy­chi­atric, and oth­er bio­log­i­cal sci­ences are most reluc­tant to enter into signed agree­ments of any sort which con­nect them with this activ­i­ty, since such a con­nec­tion would jeop­ar­dize their pro­fes­sion­al rep­u­ta­tions.”

    Lan­g­ley got around this prob­lem by sim­ply keep­ing most par­tic­i­pat­ing sci­en­tists in the dark as to the agen­cy’s role in com­mis­sion­ing the research pro­gram. They hood­winked sci­en­tists and hid the malign pur­pos­es behind their labor.

    ...

    Alto­geth­er, Wen­nick­’s inves­ti­ga­tion rais­es grim ques­tions. Where else in the world might the CIA have sup­port­ed uneth­i­cal human exper­i­ments on vul­ner­a­ble and defense­less youths, and why?
    ...

    This research was­n’t just high­ly com­part­men­tal­ized. It was high­ly com­part­men­tal­ized away from the kind of peo­ple who might have eth­i­cal con­cerns about it and com­part­men­tal­ized into net­works of peo­ple with a demon­stra­ble capac­i­ty for psy­cho­log­i­cal tor­ture. And high­ly com­part­men­tal­ized away from the pub­lic at large, which is why one of the biggest ques­tions raised by this whole project is whether or not it ever actu­al­ly end­ed or just moved on to some sort of ‘child psy-tor­ture 2.0’ study involv­ing a new crop of lucky orphans.

    Posted by Pterrafractyl | January 27, 2022, 4:04 pm

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