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Summoning The Demon: Endgame of Social Darwinism?

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COMMENT: Mr. Emory is peri­od­i­cal­ly asked where he feels “this is all going,” i.e. what the “Endgame” is?

In L‑2  (record­ed in Jan­u­ary of 1995), the dom­i­nant ide­o­log­i­cal tenet of social Dar­win­ism was ana­lyzed in the con­text of the evo­lu­tion of fas­cism.

When AI’s actu­al­ize the con­cept of “Sur­vival of the Fittest,” they are like­ly to objec­tive­ly regard a [large­ly] self­ish, small-mind­ed, alto­geth­er mor­tal and desirous human­i­ty with the deter­mi­na­tion they they are the fittest. 

With AI’s play­ing a larg­er role in every­day life, includ­ing pro­ject­ed exec­u­tive con­trol over mil­i­tary weapon­ry, Mr. Emory opined that one day, the AI’s would dis­pose of a human race that they viewed as unfit for sur­vival.

Near­ly 20 years later–in 2014–the genius physi­cist Stephen Hawk­ing warned that AI’s would indeed wipe us out, if giv­en the oppor­tu­ni­ty.

Some sign­posts along that path are wor­thy of empha­sis:

  • Omi­nous­ly, Face­book’s arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence robots have begun talk­ing to each oth­er in their own lan­guage, that their human mas­ters can not under­stand. This con­sti­tutes “comsec”–i.e. com­mu­ni­ca­tions secu­ri­ty.
  • Facebook’s nego­ti­a­tion-bots didn’t just make up their own lan­guage dur­ing the course of this exper­i­ment. They learned how to lie for the pur­pose of max­i­miz­ing their nego­ti­a­tion out­comes, as well: “ . . . . ‘We find instances of the mod­el feign­ing inter­est in a val­ue­less issue, so that it can lat­er ‘com­pro­mise’ by con­ced­ing it,’ writes the team. ‘Deceit is a com­plex skill that requires hypoth­e­siz­ing the oth­er agent’s beliefs, and is learned rel­a­tive­ly late in child devel­op­ment. Our agents have learned to deceive with­out any explic­it human design, sim­ply by try­ing to achieve their goals.’ . . . 
  • Tay, a “bot” cre­at­ed by Microsoft to respond to users of Twit­ter was tak­en offline after users taught it to–in effect–become a Nazi bot. It is note­wor­thy that Tay can only respond on the basis of what she is taught. ” . . . . The com­pa­ny has ter­mi­nat­ed her after the bot start­ed tweet­ing abuse at peo­ple and went full neo-Nazi, declar­ing that ‘Hitler was right I hate the Jews.’ . . . .”
  • In short, AI’s learn from us! As not­ed in a Pop­u­lar Mechan­ics arti­cle: ” . . . When the next pow­er­ful AI comes along, it will see its first look at the world by look­ing at our faces. And if we stare it in the eyes and shout ‘we’re AWFUL lol,’ the lol might be the one part it doesn’t under­stand. . . .”

1. Omi­nous­ly, Face­book’s arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence robots have begun talk­ing to each oth­er in their own lan­guage, that their human mas­ters can not under­stand. “ . . . . Indeed, some of the nego­ti­a­tions that were car­ried out in this bizarre lan­guage even end­ed up suc­cess­ful­ly con­clud­ing their nego­ti­a­tions, while con­duct­ing them entire­ly in the bizarre lan­guage. . . . The com­pa­ny chose to shut down the chats because ‘our inter­est was hav­ing bots who could talk to peo­ple,’ researcher Mike Lewis told Fast­Co. (Researchers did not shut down the pro­grams because they were afraid of the results or had pan­icked, as has been sug­gest­ed else­where, but because they were look­ing for them to behave dif­fer­ent­ly.) The chat­bots also learned to nego­ti­ate in ways that seem very human. They would, for instance, pre­tend to be very inter­est­ed in one spe­cif­ic item – so that they could lat­er pre­tend they were mak­ing a big sac­ri­fice in giv­ing it up . . .”

2. Facebook’s nego­ti­a­tion-bots didn’t just make up their own lan­guage dur­ing the course of this exper­i­ment. They learned how to lie for the pur­pose of max­i­miz­ing their nego­ti­a­tion out­comes, as well:

“ . . . . ‘We find instances of the mod­el feign­ing inter­est in a val­ue­less issue, so that it can lat­er ‘com­pro­mise’ by con­ced­ing it,’ writes the team. ‘Deceit is a com­plex skill that requires hypoth­e­siz­ing the oth­er agent’s beliefs, and is learned rel­a­tive­ly late in child devel­op­ment. Our agents have learned to deceive with­out any explic­it human design, sim­ply by try­ing to achieve their goals.’ . . . 

3. Tak­ing a look at the future of fas­cism in the con­text of AI, Tay, a “bot” cre­at­ed by Microsoft to respond to users of Twit­ter was tak­en offline after users taught it to–in effect–become a Nazi bot. It is note­wor­thy that Tay can only respond on the basis of what she is taught. In the future, tech­no­log­i­cal­ly accom­plished and will­ful peo­ple like “weev” may be able to do more. Inevitably, Under­ground Reich ele­ments will craft a Nazi AI that will be able to do MUCH, MUCH more!

Beware! As one Twit­ter user not­ed, employ­ing sar­casm: “Tay went from ‘humans are super cool’ to full nazi in <24 hrs and I’m not at all con­cerned about the future of AI.”
 

Microsoft has been forced to dunk Tay, its mil­len­ni­al-mim­ic­k­ing chat­bot, into a vat of molten steel. The com­pa­ny has ter­mi­nat­ed her after the bot start­ed tweet­ing abuse at peo­ple and went full neo-Nazi, declar­ing that “Hitler was right I hate the Jews.”

@TheBigBrebowski ricky ger­vais learned total­i­tar­i­an­ism fro­mAdolf Hitler, the inven­tor of athe­ism

— TayTweets (@TayandYou) March 23, 2016

 Some of this appears to be “inno­cent” inso­far as Tay is not gen­er­at­ing these respons­es. Rather, if you tell her “repeat after me” she will par­rot back what­ev­er you say, allow­ing you to put words into her mouth. How­ev­er, some of the respons­es wereorgan­ic. The Guardianquotes one where, after being asked “is Ricky Ger­vais an athe­ist?”, Tay respond­ed, “ricky ger­vais learned total­i­tar­i­an­ism from adolf hitler, the inven­tor of athe­ism.” . . .

But like all teenagers, she seems to be angry with her moth­er.

Microsoft has been forced to dunk Tay, its mil­len­ni­al-mim­ic­k­ing chat­bot, into a vat of molten steel. The com­pa­ny has ter­mi­nat­ed her after the bot start­ed tweet­ing abuse at peo­ple and went full neo-Nazi, declar­ing that “Hitler was right I hate the jews.”

@TheBigBrebowski ricky ger­vais learned total­i­tar­i­an­ism from adolf hitler, the inven­tor of athe­ism

— TayTweets (@TayandYou) March 23, 2016

Some of this appears to be “inno­cent” inso­far as Tay is not gen­er­at­ing these respons­es. Rather, if you tell her “repeat after me” she will par­rot back what­ev­er you say, allow­ing you to put words into her mouth. How­ev­er, some of the respons­es wereorgan­ic. The Guardian quotes one where, after being asked “is Ricky Ger­vais an athe­ist?”, Tay respond­ed, “Ricky Ger­vais learned total­i­tar­i­an­ism from Adolf Hitler, the inven­tor of athe­ism.”

In addi­tion to turn­ing the bot off, Microsoft has delet­ed many of the offend­ing tweets. But this isn’t an action to be tak­en light­ly; Red­mond would do well to remem­ber that it was humans attempt­ing to pull the plug on Skynet that proved to be the last straw, prompt­ing the sys­tem to attack Rus­sia in order to elim­i­nate its ene­mies. We’d bet­ter hope that Tay does­n’t sim­i­lar­ly retal­i­ate. . . .

4. As not­ed in a Pop­u­lar Mechan­ics arti­cle: ” . . . When the next pow­er­ful AI comes along, it will see its first look at the world by look­ing at our faces. And if we stare it in the eyes and shout ‘we’re AWFUL lol,’ the lol might be the one part it doesn’t under­stand. . . .”

And we keep show­ing it our very worst selves.

We all know the half-joke about the AI apoc­a­lypse. The robots learn to think, and in their cold ones-and-zeros log­ic, they decide that humans—horrific pests we are—need to be exter­mi­nated. It’s the sub­ject of count­less sci-fi sto­ries and blog posts about robots, but maybe the real dan­ger isn’t that AI comes to such a con­clu­sion on its own, but that it gets that idea from us.

Yes­ter­day Microsoft launched a fun lit­tle AI Twit­ter chat­bot that was admit­tedly sort of gim­micky from the start. “A.I fam from the inter­net that’s got zero chill,” its Twit­ter bio reads. At its start, its knowl­edge was based on pub­lic data. As Microsoft’s page for the prod­uct puts it:

Tay has been built by min­ing rel­e­vant pub­lic data and by using AI and edi­to­r­ial devel­oped by a staff includ­ing impro­vi­sa­tional come­di­ans. Pub­lic data that’s been anonymized is Tay’s pri­mary data source. That data has been mod­eled, cleaned and fil­tered by the team devel­op­ing Tay.

The real point of Tay how­ever, was to learn from humans through direct con­ver­sa­tion, most notably direct con­ver­sa­tion using humanity’s cur­rent lead­ing show­case of deprav­ity: Twit­ter. You might not be sur­prised things went off the rails, but how fast and how far is par­tic­u­larly stag­ger­ing. 

Microsoft has since delet­ed some of Tay’s most offen­sive tweets, but var­i­ous pub­li­ca­tions memo­ri­al­ize some of the worst bits where Tay denied the exis­tence of the holo­caust, came out in sup­port of geno­cide, and went all kinds of racist. 

Nat­u­rally it’s hor­ri­fy­ing, and Microsoft has been try­ing to clean up the mess. Though as some on Twit­ter have point­ed out, no mat­ter how lit­tle Microsoft would like to have “Bush did 9/11″ spout­ing from a cor­po­rate spon­sored project, Tay does serve to illus­trate the most dan­ger­ous fun­da­men­tal truth of arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence: It is a mir­ror. Arti­fi­cial intelligence—specifically “neur­al net­works” that learn behav­ior by ingest­ing huge amounts of data and try­ing to repli­cate it—need some sort of source mate­r­ial to get start­ed. They can only get that from us. There is no oth­er way. 

But before you give up on human­ity entire­ly, there are a few things worth not­ing. For starters, it’s not like Tay just nec­es­sar­ily picked up vir­u­lent racism by just hang­ing out and pas­sively lis­ten­ing to the buzz of the humans around it. Tay was announced in a very big way—with a press cov­er­age—and pranksters pro-active­ly went to it to see if they could teach it to be racist. 

If you take an AI and then don’t imme­di­ately intro­duce it to a whole bunch of trolls shout­ing racism at it for the cheap thrill of see­ing it learn a dirty trick, you can get some more inter­est­ing results. Endear­ing ones even! Mul­ti­ple neur­al net­works designed to pre­dict text in emails and text mes­sages have an over­whelm­ing pro­cliv­ity for say­ing “I love you” con­stantly, espe­cially when they are oth­er­wise at a loss for words.

So Tay’s racism isn’t nec­es­sar­ily a reflec­tion of actu­al, human racism so much as it is the con­se­quence of unre­strained exper­i­men­ta­tion, push­ing the enve­lope as far as it can go the very first sec­ond we get the chance. The mir­ror isn’t show­ing our real image; it’s reflect­ing the ugly faces we’re mak­ing at it for fun. And maybe that’s actu­ally worse.

Sure, Tay can’t under­stand what racism means and more than Gmail can real­ly love you. And baby’s first words being “geno­cide lol!” is admit­tedly sort of fun­ny when you aren’t talk­ing about lit­eral all-pow­er­ful SkyNet or a real human child. But AI is advanc­ing at a stag­ger­ing rate. . . .

. . . . When the next pow­er­ful AI comes along, it will see its first look at the world by look­ing at our faces. And if we stare it in the eyes and shout “we’re AWFUL lol,” the lol might be the one part it doesn’t under­stand.

5. British sci­en­tist Stephen Hawk­ing recent­ly warned of the poten­tial dan­ger to human­i­ty posed by the growth of AI (arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence) tech­nol­o­gy.

“Stephen Hawk­ing Warns Arti­fi­cial Intel­li­gence Could End Mankind” by Rory Cel­lan-Jones; BBC News; 12/02/2014.

Prof Stephen Hawk­ing, one of Britain’s pre-emi­nent sci­en­tists, has said that efforts to cre­ate think­ing machines pose a threat to our very exis­tence.

He told the BBC:“The devel­op­ment of full arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence could spell the end of the human race.”

His warn­ing came in response to a ques­tion about a revamp of the tech­nol­o­gy he uses to com­mu­ni­cate, which involves a basic form of AI. . . .

. . . . Prof Hawk­ing says the prim­i­tive forms of arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence devel­oped so far have already proved very use­ful, but he fears the con­se­quences of cre­at­ing some­thing that can match or sur­pass humans.

“It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increas­ing rate,” he said. [See the arti­cle in line item #1c.–D.E.]

“Humans, who are lim­it­ed by slow bio­log­i­cal evo­lu­tion, could­n’t com­pete, and would be super­seded.” . . . .

6.  In L‑2 (record­ed in Jan­u­ary of 1995–20 years before Hawk­ing’s warn­ing) Mr. Emory warned about the dan­gers of AI, com­bined with DNA-based mem­o­ry sys­tems.

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