Continuing analysis of the Ukraine War and the ascent of the OUN/B Nazi collaborators to positions of power in Ukraine, we note the following:
1.–Actor Ashton Kutcher tweeted support for Ukraine, where his wife, Mila Kunis, was born.
2.–”. . . . A Member of the Ukrainian Parliament from the far-right Svoboda Party [Igor Miroshnichenko] … sneeringly proclaimed that [Kunis] was not Ukrainian but a zhydovka. This deeply hurtful slur for a Jew was an alarming gutter effort to inject Jew-hatred into the acceptable bounds of mainstream Ukrainian discourse. . . .”
3.–Many key ministerial posts in the new Ukrainian government have been filled by Swoboda and Pravy Sektor, the political heirs to the OUN/B. The supervision of the military and the judicial process is under the sway of those parties. ” . . . . The man facing down Putin’s aggression as secretary of the Ukrainian National Security and Defence Council is Andriy Parubiy. He oversees national security for the nation having previously served as security commandant during the anti-government protests in Kiev. . . . Overseeing the armed forces alongside Parubiy as the Deputy Secretary of National Security is Dmytro Yarosh, the leader of the Right Sector . . . .The new Deputy Prime Minister Oleksandr Sych is a member of the far-right Svoboda party . . . . Svoboda now controls the ecology and agricultural ministry with Andriy Mokhnyk, the deputy head of Svoboda, running ecology and Ihor Shvaika as agriculture minister. . . . ‘There are seven ministers with links to the extreme right now. It began with Svoboda getting 10 per cent of the vote in the last election, it is certainly a concern in the long run.’ . . . . Svoboda member Oleh Makhnitsky is now acting prosecutor general. . . .”
4.–Vasily Vovk (the Ukrainian intelligence officer in charge of the investigation of the shoot-down of MH 17) summed up the findings of his “investigation”: ” . . . . ‘I am confident that this missile system was delivered from the territory of the Russian Federation with a high-skilled crew — most likely a crew of well-trained officers, of course from Russian territory,’ he said. . . .”
5.–A more complete understanding of Vovk’s political inclinations can be gleaned from this: ” . . . .Vovk – a general who holds a senior reserve rank with the Security Service of Ukraine, the local successor to the KGB – wrote that Jews ‘aren’t Ukrainians and I will destroy you along with [Ukrainian oligarch and Jewish lawmaker Vadim] Rabinovych. I’m telling you one more time – go to hell, zhidi [kikes], the Ukrainian people have had it to here with you.’ ‘Ukraine must be governed by Ukrainians,’ he wrote. . . .”
6.–The Azov Battalion’s National Druzhyna militia was awarded the job of election monitoring by the Ukrainian government in their recent elections. ” . . . . They are the ultranationalist National Militia, street vigilantes with roots in the battle-tested Azov Battalion that emerged to defend Ukraine against Russia-backed separatists but was also accused of possible war crimes and neo-Nazi sympathies. Yet despite the controversy surrounding it, the National Militia was granted permission by the Central Election Commission to officially monitor Ukraine’s presidential election on March 31. . . .”
7.–Azov has gained influence within the Ministry of the Interior through Vadim Troyan, the former deputy commander of Azov who is now deputy minister of the interior. ” . . . . The deputy minister of the Interior—which controls the National Police—is Vadim Troyan, a veteran of Azov and Patriot of Ukraine. . . . Today, he’s deputy of the department running US-trained law enforcement in the entire nation. Earlier this month, RFE reported on National Police leadership admiring Stepan Bandera—a Nazi collaborator and Fascist whose troops participated in the Holocaust—on social media. The fact that Ukraine’s police is peppered with far-right supporters explains why neo-Nazis operate with impunity on the streets. . . .”
8.–There has been a series of suspicious deaths of opposition political figures and critics of the Poroshenko/Maidan regime in Ukraine. One wonders of the “European Union values” supposedly being manifested in Ukraine includes systematic political assassination of the opposition, a possibility that must be considered in this context. Recall that the deputy commander of the Azov Battalion became chief of police in Kiev in this time frame.
9.–There is no more significant aspect of the “Azov manifestation” than the Azov-sponsored ISG conferences, which have included national security figures from neighboring countries who–apparently–share Azov’s geopolitical orientation. ” . . . . a large share of the foreign speakers from Poland, Lithuania, and Croatia had a (para-)military background, among them advisor to the Polish Defence Minister Jerzy Targalski and retired Brigadier General of the Croatian Armed Forces Bruno Zorica.[156] Among the talking points of Polish military educator Damien Duda were ‘methods of the preparation of a military reserve in youth organizations’ and the ‘importance of paramilitary structures within the framework of the defence complex of a modern state.’ . . . It also included ‘military attaches of diplomatic missions from the key countries in the region (Poland, Hungary, Romania and Lithuania). . . .”
10.–In numerous broadcasts, we have noted the Orwellian rewrite of Ukrainian history to deny the perpetrators of the Holocaust in that country and whitewash the Nazi-allied OUN/B and UPA. We conclude the program with introductory discussion of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory. We will continue with this analysis in the next program.
Ashton Kutcher is married to fellow thespian Mila Kunis, who was born in Ukraine. Kutcher tweeted “I stand with Ukraine.” Almost exactly nine years ago ” . . . . A Member of the Ukrainian Parliament from the far-right Svoboda Party [Igor Miroshnichenko] … sneeringly proclaimed that [Kunis] was not Ukrainian but a zhydovka. This deeply hurtful slur for a Jew was an alarming gutter effort to inject Jew-hatred into the acceptable bounds of mainstream Ukrainian discourse. . . . The most disturbing aspect of the story was the reaction from the Ukrainian ministry, which claimed that there is nothing wrong with calling Kunis the female version of a ‘dirty Jew,’ because the word is in their dictionary. . . .” Svoboda leader is shown above, right. WFMU-FM is podcasting For The Record–You can subscribe to the podcast HERE. Mr. Emory emphatically recommends that listeners/readers get the 32GB flash drive containing all of Mr. Emory’s 43 years on the air, plus a library of old anti-fascist books on easy-to-download PDF files.
In December of 2021, the U.N. voted 130–2 on a motion to condemn celebrations of Nazism. Only the U.S. and Ukraine voted against it. The EU and UK abstained.
” . . . . ‘By its terms, the Assembly expressed deep concern about the glorification of the Nazi movement, neo-Nazism and former members of the Waffen SS organization, including by erecting monuments and memorials, holding public demonstrations in the name of the glorification of the Nazi past, the Nazi movement and neo-Nazism, and declaring or attempting to declare such members and those who fought against the anti-Hitler coalition, collaborated with the Nazi movement and committed war crimes and crimes against humanity ‘participants in national liberation movements’. . . .”
Look at the picture at right:
That embodies the political dynamic underlying the outbreak of war in Ukraine.
The first two of a number of programs that will deal with the outbreak of war in Ukraine, these programs begin the detailed documentation of the ascent of the OUN/B successor groups to positions of power in the national security, police, educational and political establishments in Ukraine.
These program will highlight and recap the exhaustive documentation presented over the roughly eight-year period since the Maidan coup, documenting the OUN/B Nazi dominance in Ukraine.
Note that Putin’s stated war aim: “De-Nazification” is not only substantively relevant, but just.
Mr. Emory doubts that the war will go well. The fighting may well have been sparked by a looming attempt by the Ukrainian government to seize the breakaway provinces by force, supported by U.S. and other Western military supply and clandestine special operations troops–the only circumstance that Mr. Emory felt would precipitate Russian intervention.
The historical and institutional evolution of the fascist OUN/B successor groups in control of Ukraine is excerpted in sections of a Covert Action Magazine article:
Some of the most important U.S. think tanks and associated military individuals and institutions embody this continuity: ” . . . . The continuity of institutional and individual trajectories from Second World War collaborationists to Cold War-era anti-communist organizations to contemporary conservative U.S. think tanks is significant for the ideological underpinnings of today’s Intermarium revival. . . .”
We present key excerpts of the paper to underscore dominant features of this evolutionary continuity:
1.–A key player in the events that brought the OUN successor organizations to power in Ukraine has been the Atlantic Council. It receives backing from NATO, the State Department, Lithuania and Ukrainian Oligarch Viktor Pinchuk. The think tank also receives major funding from the Ukrainian World Congress, which evolved from the OUN. ” . . . . In 1967, the World Congress of Free Ukrainians was founded in New York City by supporters of Andriy Melnyk. [The head of the OUN‑M, also allied with Nazi Germany.–D.E.] It was renamed the Ukrainian World Congress in 1993. In 2003, the Ukrainian World Congress was recognized by the United Nations Economic and Social Council as an NGO with special consultative status. It now appears as a sponsor of the Atlantic Council . . . . The continuity of institutional and individual trajectories from Second World War collaborationists to Cold War-era anti-communist organizations to contemporary conservative U.S. think tanks is significant for the ideological underpinnings of today’s Intermarium revival. . . .”
2.–Ukrainian proto-fascist forces were at the core of Josef Pilsudski’s Polish-led Intermarium and overlapping Promethean organizations. 3.–Those forces coalesced into the OUN. ” . . . . According to the British scholar and journalist Stephen Dorril, the Promethean League served as an anti-communist umbrella organization for anti-Soviet exiles displaced after the Ukrainian government of Simon Petlura (1879–1926) gave up the fight against the Soviets in 1922.[12] . . . . as Dorril affirms, ‘the real leadership and latent power within the Promethean League emanated from the Petlura-dominated Ukrainian Democratic Republic in exile and its Polish sponsors. The Poles benefited directly from this arrangement, as Promethean military assets were absorbed into the Polish army, with Ukrainian, Georgian and Armenian contract officers not uncommon in the ranks.’[13] The alliance between Piłsudski and Petlura became very unpopular among many Western Ukrainians, as it resulted in Polish domination of their lands. This opposition joined the insurgent Ukrainian Military Organization (Ukrainska viiskova orhanizatsiia, UVO—founded 1920), which later transformed into the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv, OUN). . . .”
3.–According to former Army intelligence officer William Gowen (a source used and trusted by John Loftus and Mark Aarons) the Intermarium and Promethean network assets were used by Third Reich intelligence during World War II. ” . . . . Based on Gowen’s reports, such authors as Christopher Simpson, Stephen Dorril, Mark Aarons, and John Loftus have suggested that the networks of the Promethean League and the Intermarium were utilized by German intelligence. . . .”
4.–Not surprisingly, the Intermarium/Promethean milieu appears to have been centrally involved in the Nazi escape networks, the Vatican-assisted “Ratlines,” in particular. ” . . . . American intelligence began to take notice of the Intermarium network in August 1946[42] in the framework of Operation Circle, a Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) project the original goal of which was to determine how networks inside the Vatican had spirited away so many Nazi war criminals and collaborators, mostly to South America.[43] Among the group of CIC officers involved in the operation was Levy’s source William Gowen. Then a young officer based in Rome, Gowen suspected the Intermarium network to be behind Nazi war criminals and collaborators’ extensive escape routes from Europe. . . .”
5.–It comes as no surprise, as well, that U.S. intelligence absorbed the Intermarium/Promethean networks after the war. ” . . . . According to Aarons and Loftus, although he had initially been thoroughly opposed to this course of action, by ‘early July 1947, Gowen was strongly advocating that American intelligence should take over Intermarium; before long, the CIC officer was no longer hunting for Nazis, but recruiting them.’[49] . . . .”
6.–One of the main components of the “Intermarium continuity” is the ABN—the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations. The OUN and associated elements constitute the most important element of the ABN. ” . . . . a vast number of anti-communist organizations were formed in the immediate post-war period and supported by the US.[57] They constitute one of the main components of the Intermarium ‘genealogical tree,’ in the sense that they revived the memory of Piłsudski’s attempts to unify Central and Eastern Europe against Soviet Russia and gave them new life, but blended this memory with far-right tones inspired by collaboration with Nazi Germany.[58] The most important of the European anti-communist organizations was the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN). . . . Because fascist movements were, in the 1930s, the first to organize themselves against the Soviet Union, the ABN recruited massively among their ranks and served as an umbrella for many former collaborationist paramilitary organizations in exile, amongst them the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists—Bandera (OUN‑B), the Croatian Ustaše, the Romanian Iron Guard, and the Slovakian Hlinka Guard.[59] It thus contributed to guaranteeing the survival of their legacies at least until the end of the Cold War. According to the liberal Institute for Policy Studies think tank, created by two former aides to Kennedy advisors, the ABN was the ‘largest and most important umbrella for former Nazi collaborators in the world.’ . . . .”
7.–In addition to the OUN/Ukrainian fascist milieu, the Croatian Ustashe fascists became a dominant element. This is fundamental to the Azov Battalion’s Intermarium project, discussed in FTR #‘s 1096 and 1097. ” . . . . The most active groups within the ABN became the Ukrainian and Croatian organizations, particularly the Ukrainian OUN.[61] The OUN, under the leadership of Andriy Melnyk (1890–1964), collaborated with the Nazi occupiers from the latter’s invasion of Poland in September 1939. The Gestapo trained Mykola Lebed and the adherents of Melnyk’s younger competitor, Stepan Bandera (1909–1959), in sabotage, guerrilla warfare, and assassinations. The OUN’s 1941 split into the so-called OUN‑B, following Stepan Bandera, and OUN‑M, following Andriy Melnyk,[62] did not keep both factions from continuing to collaborate with the Germans. . . .”
8.–Former SS and Abwehr officer Theodor Oberlaender–the political officer for the UPA and the Nachtigall Battalion during the Lviv Pogrom of June 1941–was vital to the continuity of the OUN and UPA and thus, the Intermarium” . . . .While in Soviet Ukraine the UPA kept on fighting against Moscow until the early 1950s, their capacities were exhausted. . . . As Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees, and the War-Damaged during the Adenauer government, Oberländer played a crucial role in the rise of the ABN and allowed Ukrainian collaborationists to take the lead in it. Yaroslav Stetsko (1912–1986), who presided over the Ukrainian collaborationist government in Lviv from as early as 30 June 1941, led the ABN from its creation in 1946 until his death in 1986. . . .”
9.–The Army’s Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) confirmed the primacy of the OUN/B within the ABN. Note the continuity of OUN and UPA guerilla warfare in Ukraine, begun under third Reich auspices and enjoying post World War II support from CIA, and OPC. This has been covered in AFA #1 and FTR #777.) : ” . . . . CIC confirmed that by 1948 both the ‘Intermarium’ and the UPA (Ukrainian partisan command) reported to the ABN president, Yaroslav Stetsko. The UPA in turn had consolidated all the anti-Soviet partisans under its umbrella. Yaroslav Stetsko was also Secretary of OUN/B and second in command to Bandera, who had the largest remaining partisan group behind Soviet lines under his direct command. Thus, OUN/B had achieved the leadership role among the anti-Communist exiles and was ascendant by 1950 . . . .”
10.–Contemporary Ukraine is the focal point of the reincarnated Intermarium concept. ” . . . . The most recent reincarnation of the Intermarium has taken form in Ukraine, especially among the Ukrainian far right, which has re-appropriated the concept by capitalizing on the solid ideological and personal continuity between actors of the Ukrainian far right in the interwar and Cold War periods and their heirs today. . . .”
11.–The continuity of the Intermarium concept as manifested in contemporary Ukraine is epitomized by the role of Yaroslava Stetsko (Yaroslav’s widow and successor as a decisive ABN and OUN leader). Note the networking between her Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists and Svoboda. “. . . . This continuity is exemplified by the wife of long-time ABN leader Yaroslav Stetsko, Yaroslava Stetsko (1920–2003), a prominent figure in the Ukrainian post-Second World War émigré community who became directly involved in post-Soviet Ukrainian politics. Having joined the OUN at the age of 18, she became an indispensable supporter of the ABN after the war . . . . In July 1991, she returned to Ukraine, and in the following year formed the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists (CUN), a new political party established on the basis of the OUN, presiding over both.[129] Although the CUN never achieved high election results, it cooperated with the Social-National Party of Ukraine (SNPU), which later changed its name to Svoboda, the far-right Ukrainian party that continues to exist. . . .”
12.–Yaroslava Stetsko’s CUN was co-founded by her husband’s former secretary in the 1980s, Roman Svarych. Minister of Justice in the Viktor Yuschenko government (as well as both Timoshenko governments), Svarych became the spokesman and a major recruiter for the Azov Battalion. ” . . . . The co-founder of the CUN and formerly Yaroslav Stetsko’s private secretary, the U.S.-born Roman Zvarych (1953), represents a younger generation of the Ukrainian émigré community active during the Cold War and a direct link from the ABN to the Azov Battalion. . . . Zvarych participated in the activities of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations in the 1980s. . . . In February 2005, after Viktor Yushchenko’s election, Zvarych was appointed Minister of Justice. . . . According to Andriy Biletsky, the first commander of the Azov battalion, a civil paramilitary unit created in the wake of the Euromaidan, Zvarych was head of the headquarters of the Azov Central Committee in 2015 and supported the Azov battalion with ‘volunteers’ and political advice through his Zvarych Foundation. . . .”
12.–The “Intermarium Continuity” is inextricable with the historical revisionism about the roles of the OUN and UPA in World War II. That revisionism is institionalized in the Institute of National Remembrance. ” . . . .The reintroduction of the Intermarium notion in Ukraine is closely connected to the broad rehabilitation of the OUN and UPA, as well as of their main hero, Stepan Bandera. . . . During his presidency (2005–2010), and particularly through the creation of the Institute for National Remembrance, Viktor Yushchenko built the image of Bandera as a simple Ukrainian nationalist fighting for his country’s independence . . . .”
13.–As discussed in numerous programs, another key element in the “Intermarium Continuity” is Kateryna Chumachenko, an OUN operative who served in the State Department and Ronald Reagan’s administration. She married Viktor Yuschenko. ” . . . . It is not unlikely Yushchenko’s readiness during his presidency (2005–2010) to open up to right-wing tendencies of the Ukrainian exile leads back to his wife, who had connections to the ABN. Kateryna Chumachenko [Yushchenko], born 1961 in Chicago, was socialised there in the Ukrainian exile youth organisation SUM (Spilka Ukrajinskoji Molodi, Ukrainian Youth Organisation) in the spirit of the OUN. Via the lobby association Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA) she obtained a post as ‘special assistant’ in the U.S. State Department in 1986, and was from 1988 to 1989 employed by the Office of Public Liaison in the White House. . . .”
15.–Embodying the “Intermarium Continuity” are the lustration laws, which make it a criminal offence to tell the truth about the OUN and UPA’s roles in World War II. Note Volodymyr Viatrovych’s position as minister of education. ” . . . . This rehabilitation trend accelerated after the EuroMaidan. In 2015, just before the seventieth anniversary of Victory Day, Volodymyr Viatrovych, minister of education and long-time director of the Institute for the Study of the Liberation Movement, an organization founded to promote the heroic narrative of the OUN–UPA, called on the parliament to vote for a set of four laws that codified the new, post-Maidan historiography. Two of them are particularly influential in the ongoing memory war with Russia. One decrees that OUN and UPA members are to be considered ‘fighters for Ukrainian independence in the twentieth century,’ making public denial of this unlawful. . . .”
16.–As discussed discussed in FTR #‘s 1096 and 1097, the Azov Battalion is in the leadership of the revival of the Intermarium concept.” . . . . In this context of rehabilitation of interwar heroes, tensions with Russia, and disillusion with Europe over its perceived lack of support against Moscow, the geopolitical concept of Intermarium could only prosper. It has found its most active promoters on the far right of the political spectrum, among the leadership of the Azov Battalion. . . .”
17.–Azov’s Intermarium Support Group has held three networking conferences to date, bringing together key figures of what are euphemized as “nationalist” organizations. In addition to focusing on the development of what are euphemized as “nationalist” youth organizations, the conference is stressing military organization and preparedness: ” . . . . In 2016, Biletsky created the Intermarium Support Group (ISG),[152] introducing the concept to potential comrades-in-arms from the Baltic-Black Sea region.[153] The first day of the founding conference was reserved for lectures and discussions by senior representatives of various sympathetic organizations, the second day to ‘the leaders of youth branches of political parties and nationalist movements of the Baltic-Black Sea area.’ . . . . It also included ‘military attaches of diplomatic missions from the key countries in the region (Poland, Hungary, Romania and Lithuania). . . .”
18.–Azov’s third ISG conference continued to advance the military networking characteristics of the earlier gatherings, involving military officials from Eastern European countries and including the necessity of giving military training to what are euphemized as “nationalist” youth organizations. Note the continued manifestation in the “new” Croatia of Ustachi political culture. ” . . . . On October 13, 2018, the ISG organized its third congress. Besides the Ukrainian hosts, a large share of the foreign speakers from Poland, Lithuania, and Croatia had a (para-)military background, among them advisor to the Polish Defence Minister Jerzy Targalski and retired Brigadier General of the Croatian Armed Forces Bruno Zorica.[156] Among the talking points of Polish military educator Damien Duda were ‘methods of the preparation of a military reserve in youth organizations” and the “importance of paramilitary structures within the framework of the defence complex of a modern state.’ . . . .”
Program Highlights Include: The appointment of former Pravy Sektor chief Dymytro Yarosh as advisor to the Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces; Yarosh’s affiliation with the ideology of OUN/B head Stephan Bandera; the evolution of Pravy Sektor–a political front for the final military incarnation of the UPA, the military branch of the OUN/B; The formation of the Werewolf guerilla groups by Nazi General Reinhard Gehlen, including elements of UPA; the battle cry of the Werewolves, broadcast by Radio Werewolf: “Rather Dead Than Red,” a phrase that lived long after; The genesis of the term “Iron Curtain,” minted by Nazi finance minister Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk; the apparent genesis of the French OAS as part of the Werewolf operation; The continuation of UPA guerilla activity by units fighting with their German SS officers in Ukraine until 1952; The institutionalization of the civilian militia of Azov Battalion (National Druzhyna Militia) and the C14 Militia of the Nazi Svoboda group as auxiliary police forces, enjoying law-enforcement powers in 21 Ukrainian cities, including Kiev; the launching of anti-Roma pogroms by National Dryzhyna and C14 groups, with the apparent connivance of the police authorities; The career of former Azov Battalion officer Vadim Troyan, who became the national police chief in Ukraine and then a top aide to the Interior Minister of Ukraine; The adoption by the Ukrainian military and police of the “Glory to Ukraine! Glory to The Heroes!” salute of the OUN/B and UPA in World War II; The naming of streets in Ukraine for Nazi war criminals; The brutal anti-Polish massacres by UPA in the Ukraine-Polish War, a “sub-war” of WWII; Suppression of freedom of speech and press in Ukraine; The outlawing of accurate historical documentation of the Nazi collaborators and ethnic cleansing of the OUN/B and UPA.
Continuing discussion of Tom O’Neill’s opus Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA, and the Secret History of the Sixties, these programs illustrate the “post-democratic” state of American politics by presenting the career of a veteran CIA officer named Reeve Whitson.
Reeve Whitson:
1.–Was alleged by Iranian immigrant Shahrokh Hatami to have phoned him with knowledge of the killings of Sharon Tate, et al, before the crime was reported by the news media and before law enforcement even arrived at the crime scene!
2.–Was alleged by the LAPD’s top investigator and Sharon Tate’s father (a Colonel in Army intelligence) to have been deeply involved with the Manson investigation.
3.–Was alleged by attorney Neil Cummings to have maintained some kind of surveillance on the Cielo Drive home, as part of some sort of work he was doing for the intelligence community.
4.–Was confirmed as an officer of the CIA by his own ex-wife.
5.–Was known to have felt that he was–in the end–betrayed by the faction of the CIA for which he worked.
6.–Was able to pull strings in a pivotal way: “. . . . A British film director who himself claimed to have ties to MI5, [John] Irvin said that Whitson got meetings ‘with minutes’ at “the highest levels of the defense industry—it was amazing.’ ”
7.–Was apparently a close associate of retired General Curtis LeMay, George Wallace’s Vice-Presidential candidate in 1968.
8.–Was associated with LeMay when the latter became vice-president of a missile parts manufacturer, which was headed by Mihai Patrichi. Patrichi was a former Romanian army general and a member of the Romanian Iron Guard, whom we have spoken about and written about in many programs and posts. The Iron Guard was part of the Gehglen “Org,” the ABN and the GOP.
9.–Was associated, through his intelligence work with Otto Skorzeny and his wife Ilse.
10.–Was the special adviser to the chairman of the board of the Thyssen firm, also as part of his intelligence work.
Concluding the discussion, we present O’Neill’s discussion of Lawrence Shiller and Jerry Cohen, two journalists believed by many Warren Commission critics to be media “intelligence assets.”
Both Schiller and Cohen helped to shape the “official” version of the Manson Family operations and both cropped up in the context of the JFK assassination as well.
Much has been said about Donald Trump’s nomination of Judge Brett Kavanaugh to become a Supreme Court justice, replacing Anthony Kennnedy.
In this program, we highlight extensive networking between the Trump and Kennedy families and, in turn, some apparent “deep networking” between some of the individuals in the Trump/Kennedy nexus and institutions linked to key elements of the remarkable and deadly Bormann flight capital network.
Deutsche Bank and the shadow of the I.G. Farben chemical complex figure into the latter part of this equation.
The connections between the family of Anthony Kennedy and the Trump milieu run deep. Anthony Kennedy’s son Justin was Trump’s banker at Deutsche Bank. In FTR #919, we analyzed a New York Times article highlighting Donald Trump’s altogether opaque real estate developments and evidence that those projects had significant links to elements of the Bormann capital network.
In that program we set forth the primary role of Deutsche Bank in financing Trump’s real estate projects.
” . . . While many big banks have shunned him, Deutsche Bank AG has been a steadfast financial backer of the Republican presidential candidate’s business interests. Since 1998, the bank has led or participated in loans of at least $2.5 billion to companies affiliated with Mr. Trump, according to a Wall Street Journal analysis of public records and people familiar with the matter. That doesn’t include at least another $1 billion in loan commitments that Deutsche Bank made to Trump-affiliated entities. The long-standing connection makes Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank, which has a large U.S. operation and has been grappling with reputational problems and an almost 50% stock-price decline, the financial institution with probably the strongest ties to the controversial New York businessman. . . .”
The fact that Deutsche Bank is the primary financial backer of “Trump Incorporated” is of primary importance. The bank is central to the Bormann capital network.
The connections between the family of Anthony Kennedy and the Trump milieu run deep. Anthony Kennedy’s son Justin was Trump’s banker at Deutsche Bank.
Furthermore, jurists who clerked for Anthony Kennedy figure prominently in Trump’s judicial appointments:
1.–” . . . . He [Trump] picked Justice Neil M. Gorsuch, who had served as a law clerk to Justice Kennedy, to fill Justice Scalia’s seat. . . .”
2.–” . . . . Then, after Justice Gorsuch’s nomination was announced, a White House official singled out two candidates for the next Supreme Court vacancy: Judge Brett M. Kavanaugh of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and Judge Raymond M. Kethledge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, in Cincinnati. The two judges had something in common: They had both clerked for Justice Kennedy. . . .”
3.–” . . . . In the meantime, as the White House turned to stocking the lower courts, it did not overlook Justice Kennedy’s clerks. Mr. Trump nominated three of them to federal appeals courts: Judges Stephanos Bibas and Michael Scudder, both of whom have been confirmed, and Eric Murphy, the Ohio solicitor general, whom Mr. Trump nominated to the Sixth Circuit this month. . . .”
4.–” . . . . Justice Kennedy’s son, Justin . . . . spent more than a decade at Deutsche Bank, eventually rising to become the bank’s global head of real estate capital markets, and he worked closely with Mr. Trump when he was a real estate developer, according to two people with knowledge of his role. During Mr. Kennedy’s tenure, Deutsche Bank became Mr. Trump’s most important lender, dispensing well over $1 billion in loans to him for the renovation and construction of skyscrapers in New York and Chicago at a time other mainstream banks were wary of doing business with him because of his troubled business history. . . .”
After Kennedy left Deutsche Bank in 2009 he went on to become co-CEO LNR Property LLC. LNR Property saved Jared Kushner’s midtown Manhattan property in 2011:
1.–” . . . . from 2010–2013 Justin Kennedy was the co-CEO of LNR Property LLC with Tobin Cobb. . . .”
2.–” . . . . According the New York Times, in 2007 Kushner Companies purchased ‘an aluminum-clad office tower in Midtown Manhattan, for a record price of $1.8 billion.’ At the time the NYT wrote that this deal was ‘considered a classic example of reckless underwriting. The transaction was so highly leveraged that the cash flow from rents amounted to only 65 percent of the debt service.’ . . .”
3.– ” . . . Who came to the rescue? None other than LNR Property, the company whose CEO at the time was Justin Kennedy. According to the NYT and the Real Deal, Mr. Kushner and LNR ‘reached a possible agreement with LNR Property, a firm specializing in restructuring troubled debt and which oversees the mortgage, that would allow him to retain control of the tower by modifying the terms of the $1.2 billion mortgage tied to the office portion of the building.’ . . .”
The links between TrumpWorld and Anthony Kennedy’s sons is deeper still. Kennedy’s other son Gregory, has long-standing ties to Trump Silicon Valley adviser Peter Thiel, whom we first analyzed in FTR #718.
” . . . . . . . . Kennedy’s seat, meantime, seemed destined to go to Kavanaugh, thanks in part to the glowing review of Kennedy, whose son, Justin, knows Donald Trump Jr. through New York real estate circles, and whose other adult child has connections to Trump World via the president’s 2016 Silicon Valley adviser Peter Thiel, most recently when the Kennedy firm Disruptive Technology Advisers worked with Thiel’s Palantir Technologies. . . .”
Gregory Kennedy’s DTA has an unusually close relationship with Palantir, a company that has helped the Trump administration.
Kennedy’s DTA has other personal connections to Palantir. Alex Fishman and Alex Davis, two other DTA founders, “enjoyed a very close relationship” with Palantir co-founder Alex Karp, according to the lawsuit.
It should be noted that the alleged secrecy with which Palantir treats its operating and investing information is characteristic of Bormann organizations. A closeted, insiders-only operating ethic serves the need for this consummately powerful organization to maintain a relatively low profile, even as it gains power, influence and wealth.
” . . . . Yet Palantir — whose stock changes hands only through private trades — goes to great lengths to keep any detailed information about its business private. . . .”
A lawsuit by Palantir investor KT4 Partners alleges that Palantir is illegally blocking investors from selling shares in the company and that Kennedy’s Disruptive Technology Advisors (DTA) is a key partner and beneficiary of this strategy.
KT4 claims that when it tried to sell its shares of Palantir to a third-party, Palantir would have DTA contact the third-party and convince them to have Palantir sells them the shares directly instead. DTA would then collect a commission.
The central dynamic in the allegations of plaintiff (and Palantir investor) KT4 is set forth as follows: ” . . . . But remarkably, KT4 claims that when Palantir receives information from an investor about a planned sale, it uses that information to contact the buyer and persuade them instead to buy shares directly from the company or from certain Palantir insiders. One particular broker, Disruptive Technology Advisers, or DTA, repeatedly gets commissions from these sales, even when it ‘performed no legitimate work,’ KT4 claims. KT4 says it experienced interference by Palantir when it tried to sell shares to Highbridge Capital Management, a hedge fund that was owned by JPMorgan Chase, in May 2015. After KT4 notified Palantir of the planned sale, Palantir turned around and instructed DTA to ‘take the opportunity, on Palantir’s behalf,‘and arrange a sale from Palantir to Highbridge instead, according to the lawsuit. . . .”
In FTR #946, we examined Cambridge Analytica, its Trump and Steve Bannon-linked tech firm that harvested Facebook data on behalf of the Trump campaign.
Peter Thiel’s Palantir was apparently deeply involved with Cambridge Analytica’s gaming of personal data harvested from Facebook in order to engineer an electoral victory for Trump, setting the GOP campaign to control the Supreme Court in a deeper, broader context.
Thiel was an early investor in Facebook, at one point was its largest shareholder and is still one of its largest shareholders. ” . . . . It was a Palantir employee in London, working closely with the data scientists building Cambridge’s psychological profiling technology, who suggested the scientists create their own app — a mobile-phone-based personality quiz — to gain access to Facebook users’ friend networks, according to documents obtained by The New York Times. The revelations pulled Palantir — co-founded by the wealthy libertarian Peter Thiel — into the furor surrounding Cambridge, which improperly obtained Facebook data to build analytical tools it deployed on behalf of Donald J. Trump and other Republican candidates in 2016. Mr. Thiel, a supporter of President Trump, serves on the board at Facebook. ‘There were senior Palantir employees that were also working on the Facebook data,’ said Christopher Wylie, a data expert and Cambridge Analytica co-founder, in testimony before British lawmakers on Tuesday. . . . The connections between Palantir and Cambridge Analytica were thrust into the spotlight by Mr. Wylie’s testimony on Tuesday. Both companies are linked to tech-driven billionaires who backed Mr. Trump’s campaign: Cambridge is chiefly owned by Robert Mercer, the computer scientist and hedge fund magnate, while Palantir was co-founded in 2003 by Mr. Thiel, who was an initial investor in Facebook. . . .”
Program Highlights Include:
1.–Review of Peter Thiel’s high regard for Carl Schmitt: “. . . . a Nazi and the Third Reich’s preeminent legal theorist. For Thiel, Schmitt is an inspiring throwback to a pre-Enlightenment age, who exalts struggle and insists that the discovery of enemies is the foundation of politics. . .”
2.–Review of Peter Thiel’s early legal experience with Sullivan & Cromwell, the Dulles law firm.
3.–A recounting of the role of John Foster Dulles and Sullivan & Cromwell’s roles in the formation of I.G. Farben.
4.–Review of Thiel’s German heritage and his father’s probable role with one of the I.G. successor companies.
As the title indicates, this program examines manifestations of fascism around the world.
In Europe, we analyze:
1.-The recapitulation of Nazi and fascist elements in the current Bulgarian coalition government of Boyko Borisov. (Bulgaria was a Nazi ally in World War II.)
2.-The vitality of “regionalism”–a political/economic doctrine that advocates the secession of key prosperous regions from nation states.
3.-Analysis of regionalism as an application of globalist economic theory to Euorope.
4.-The history of regionalism’s advoacy by Third Reich veteran theoreticians.
5.-Edward Snowden and Julian Assange’s support for Catalan secession from Spain.
6.-The success of the AfD in German elections.
7.-AfD politician Alexander Gauland’s statement that Germans should be proud of what that country’s soldiers accomplished in World War II.
8.-The Austrian Freedom Party’s projected success in upcoming elections. The party was formed in 1956 by Third Reich veterans as a vehicle for re-introducing Austrian Nazis into the country’s political life.
In Latin America, we examine:
1.-The verdict that Argentine AMIA bombing investigator Alberto Nisman’s death was a murder, not a suicide.
2.-Review of the AMIA bombing investigation.
3.-The discovery of a cache of Nazi artifacts, including devices used for determining racial purity. Hitler apparently posed with some of the artificats.
4.-The role of Nisman’s widow as the judge investigating the Nazi artifact case.
5.-Operational links between American Nazi Christopher Cantwell and the Koch Brothers-funded Ludwig Von Mises Institute in Brazil.
In the United States, we detail:
1.-How Breitbart actively promoted Neo-Nazism, while downplaying what it was actually doing.
2.-How white supremacist and Nazi elements are successfully using YouTube to mainstream fascist and racist views.
In the Middle East, we highlight:
1.-Benjamin Netanyahu’s political connections with the Thyssen/Krupp firm, one of the lynchpins of the Bormann capital network.
2.-Yair Netanyahu’s attribution of his father’s political difficulties to sabotage by an international Jewish conspiracy.
3.-Ronald Regan’s 1981 citation of Ibn Khaldun as a key advocate for supply-side economics.
4.-Review of the Muslim Brotherhood’s embrace of the views of Ibn Khaldun.
As the European Central Bank (ECB) continues to wrestle with the decision of when and how quickly to wind down its quantitative easing (QE) program while inflation remains stubbornly below the 2 percent target and likely to stay well below 2 percent for the foreseeable future, it’s worth noting that there’s a new nightmare to add to the equation: The euro has surged in value this year, a move that not only depresses exports in recovery economies like Spain and Portugal but also depresses inflation. And one of the things holding down the value of the euro is the ECB’s QE program. So if the ECB tapers off the QE too early and quickly it’s going to make an overly-strong euro even stronger while dragging inflation even lower, potentially derailing fragile recoveries in the austerity-inflicted member states. And that means not sending the wrong signals is a key goal of the ECB is things are going to go smoothly. Guess which signals are being sent.
The title of the program comes from a Robinson Jeffers poem, reproduced at the beginning of this description. It sums up Mr. Emory’s feelings about Charlottesville and much of what has transpired since the ascension of the Trump administration.
With the mainstream media, the so-called “alternative media,” the so-called “progressive sector” and the GOP beating their breasts over Donald Trump’s predictably equivocal reaction to the violence in Charlottesville (Virginia), we highlight the profound complicity with all of these elements with the very white supremacist, Nazi and Neo-Confederate movements that are at the foundation of the events in question.
Particularly grotesque is the righteous posturing of the GOP, whose members have scrambled to go “on record” decrying racism and Nazism, intoning that such things are “un-American,” or words to that effect. In fact, the GOP is joined at the hip with the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, formed in 1943 by Adolf Hitler as the Committee of Subjugated Nations. A consortium of Eastern and Central European fascist groups, the ABN became a major player in the GOP’s ethnic outreach organization.
The marriage of the GOP and the ABN was effected under the auspices of the Crusade for Freedom, a dual-sided covert operation with the GOP/ABN nexus at the root of a domestic political operation and the combat support afforded guerrillas from the OUN/B and other Eastern European fascist fighting by the Office of Policy Coordination (which morphed into the CIA’s Directorate of plans): ” . . . . There is a very high correlation between CIA domestic subsidies to Fascist ‘freedom fighters’ during the 1950’s and the leadership of the Republican Party’s ethnic campaign groups. The motive for the under-the-table financing was clear: Nixon used Nazis to offset the Jewish vote for the Democrats. . . .
. . . . In 1952, Nixon had formed an Ethnic Division within the Republican National Committee. Displaced fascists, hoping to be returned to power by an Eisenhower-Nixon ‘liberation’ policy signed on with the committee. In 1953, when Republicans were in office, the immigration laws were changed to admit Nazis, even members of the SS. They flooded into the country. Nixon himself oversaw the new immigration program. [This is a Republican pro-immigration program–D.E.] . . .”
The key figures in the CFF became the cream of the Reagan administration. ” . . . . As a young movie actor in the early 1950s, Reagan was employed as the public spokesperson for an OPC front named the ‘Crusade for Freedom.’ Reagan may not have known it, but 99 percent for the Crusade’s funds came from clandestine accounts, which were then laundered through the Crusade to various organizations such as Radio Liberty, which employed Dulles’s Fascists. Bill Casey, who later became CIA director under Ronald Reagan, also worked in Germany after World War II on Dulles’ Nazi ‘freedom fighters’ program. When he returned to New York, Casey headed up another OPC front, the International Rescue Committee, which sponsored the immigration of these Fascists to the United States. Casey’s committee replaced the International Red Cross as the sponsor for Dulles’s recruits. . . .
. . . . It was [George H.W.] Bush who fulfilled Nixon’s promise to make the ‘ethnic emigres’ a permanent part of Republican politics. In 1972, Nixon’s State Department spokesman confirmed to his Australian counterpart that the ethnic groups were very useful to get out the vote in several key states. Bush’s tenure as head of the Republican National Committee exactly coincided with Laszlo Pasztor’s 1972 drive to transform the Heritage Groups Council into the party’s official ethnic arm. The groups Pasztor chose as Bush’s campaign allies were the émigré Fascists whom Dulles had brought to the United States. . . . ”
We note that the GOP “ethnics” are inextricably linked with the Gehlen spy outfit–itself an extension of the Third Reich’s national security establishment–and the Bormann flight capital network, an underground perpetuation of the Third Reich.
We note that the same hypocrites–GOP, mainstream media, “alternative” media and the so-called “progressive” sector–who stridently postured against racism/fascism after Charlottesville have remained dutifully silent about the re-instatement of the OUN/B in Ukraine, as well as that regime’s resonance with the Aryan Nations milieu in the U.S.
The hypocrisy of the GOP in their mealy-mouthed condemnations of racism and Trump’s reaction to it exceed even the marrow-deep hypocrisy of the mainstream media and the so-called “progessive sector,” which have spent years lionizing the very “Alt-right” forces that manifested in Charlotesville. Those very “Alt-right” forces we saw in Charlottesville–including the Neo-Confederate movment–are embodied in Eddie Snowden, WikiLeaks, Greenwald and Pierre Omidyar, as discussed in–among other programs–FTR #‘s 755, 756, 888, 889, 917.
Concluding the program, we reviewed information about Bernie Sanders and his right-wing connections, noting that:
1.-The ideological petri dish in which Sanders was cultured was the Socialist Workers Party, a Trotskyite political party that was so infiltrated by Nazis and spooks establishing a “left cover” that it was little more than a fascist intelligence front. Lyndon LaRouche was cultured in the same petri dish.
2.-Trotskyite politics was seen by Hitler as a useful paradigm for underground infiltration of a targeted political milieu.
3.-Sanders’ campaign was financed by Karl Rove.
4.-Sanders proposed to have all Democratic Presidential primaries “open,” meaning Republicans could vote in the primary, permitting the GOP to select the Democratic Presidential candidate. It is a safe bet that this was a major reason for Rove’s financial backing of Sanders.
5.-Tulsi Gabbard is joined at the hip with Sanders. Gabbard is a left-cover Hindutva fascist, as discussed in FTR #‘s 941, 942, 945.
6.-Jeremy Christian (Portland, Oregon) and James Hodgkinson (allegedly shot Steve Scalise) were both Sandernistas. Are fascists infiltrating the Sanders movement, to give themselves a “left cover” for the perpetration of violence, much as they had the SWP?
With the mainstream media, the so-called “alternative media,” the so-called “progressive sector” and the GOP beating their breasts over Donald Trump’s predictably equivocal reaction to the violence in Charlottesville (Virginia), we highlight the profound complicity with all of these elements with the very white supremacist, Nazi and Neo-Confederate movements that are at the foundation of the events in question.
For the last several years, the mainstream media, the so-called “alternative media,” and the so-called “progressive sector” have manifested an almost erotic obsession with the overlapping activities of Eddie the Friendly Spook (Snowden), Julian Assange and WikiLeaks, Glenn Greenwald and Greenwald’s media financial angel Pierre Omidyar.
All of the focal points of their collective adulation are at one with the very white supremacist, Nazi and Neo-Confederate forces that coalesced on behalf of the preservation of the Confederate memorials in Charlottesville. Key points of discussion and analysis include:
1.-Eddie Snowden’s strong links to the Ron Paul political milieu. Snowden gave money to Paul’s campaign, whose super-PAC was capitalized largely by Peter Thiel, a key Trump supporter.
2.-The fact that Ron Paul has been networking with David Duke for decades. (Duke was prominent at Charlottesville.)
3.-The fact that Snowden’s first attorney (and the attorney for the Snowden family) was Bruce Fein, the chief legal counsel for Ron Paul’s 2012 Presidential campaign.
4.-Fein also networked with the German-based Schiller Institute, run by the fascist organization of Lyndon LaRouche.
5.-Ron Paul is very close to the Neo-Confederate movement and the heavily-overlapped Ludwig von Mises Institute.
6.-Ron Paul aide Walter Block, another of Paul’s supporters and a resident scholar at the Ludwig von Mises Institute is not only supportive of the neo-Confederate movement but advanced a theory of “voluntary slavery.” Voluntary slavery could be viewed as the ultimate collateralized debt obligation!
7.-Julian Assange is also a big Ron and Rand Paul fan. Furthermore, Assange and his fascist aide, doctrinaire Holocaust-denier Joran Jermas (aka “Israel Shamir”) are inextricably linked with a Swedish, Russian and Ukrainian fascist milieu that enfolds Carl Lundstrom, Daniel Friberg and David Duke.
8.-Glenn Greenwald spent years running legal interference for Nazi murderers and the “leaderless resistance” strategy Mr. Fields used to fatally-injure one of the demonstrators in Charlottesville. Greenwald worked pro-bono.
9.-In addition to lionizing Snowden, Assange and Greenwald–all of whom are, basically, “Alt-Right,” the mainstream media, the so-called “alternative media” and the so-called “progressive” sector have oozed all over Pierre Omidyar and his media undertakings, which have been the foundation for Snowden, Greenwald and Assange’s media presentations.
10.-Omidyar helped finance the coup in Ukraine, which brought OUN/B successor organizations to power and also aided in the rise of Narendra Modi in India. Modi’s BJP Party is a cat’s paw for the Hindu nationalist/fascist RSS, the organization that murdered Gandhi. Roy Prosterman, Omidyar’s primary administrator of his philanthropic undertakings, was a veteran of the Phoenix assassination program in Vietnam.
11.-Particularly grotesque is the righteous posturing of the GOP, whose members have scrambled to go “on record” decrying racism and Nazism, intoning that such things are “un-American,” or words to that effect. In fact, the GOP is joined at the hip with the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations, formed in 1943 by Adolf Hitler as the Committee of Subjugated Nations. A consortium of Eastern and Central European fascist groups, the ABN became a major player in the GOP’s ethnic outreach organization.
The marriage of the GOP and the ABN was effected under the auspices of the Crusade for Freedom, a dual-sided covert operation with the GOP/ABN nexus at the root of a domestic political operation and the combat support afforded guerrillas from the OUN/B and other Eastern European fascist fighting by the Office of Policy Coordination (which morphed into the CIA’s Directorate of plans): “. . . . Frustration over Truman’s 1948 election victory over Dewey (which they blamed on the “Jewish vote”) impelled Dulles and his protégé Richard Nixon to work toward the realization of the fascist freedom fighter presence in the Republican Party’s ethnic outreach organization. As a young congressman, Nixon had been Allen Dulles’s confidant. . . .
. . . . Vice President Nixon’s secret political war of Nazis against Jews in American politics was never investigated at the time. The foreign language-speaking Croatians and other Fascist émigré groups had a ready-made network for contacting and mobilizing the Eastern European ethnic bloc. There is a very high correlation between CIA domestic subsidies to Fascist ‘freedom fighters’ during the 1950’s and the leadership of the Republican Party’s ethnic campaign groups. The motive for the under-the-table financing was clear: Nixon used Nazis to offset the Jewish vote for the Democrats. . . .
. . . . In 1952, Nixon had formed an Ethnic Division within the Republican National Committee. Displaced fascists, hoping to be returned to power by an Eisenhower-Nixon ‘liberation’ policy signed on with the committee. In 1953, when Republicans were in office, the immigration laws were changed to admit Nazis, even members of the SS. They flooded into the country. Nixon himself oversaw the new immigration program. [This is a Republican pro-immigration program–D.E.] . . .”
The key figures in the CFF became the cream of the Reagan administration. ” . . . . As a young movie actor in the early 1950s, Reagan was employed as the public spokesperson for an OPC front named the ‘Crusade for Freedom.’ Reagan may not have known it, but 99 percent for the Crusade’s funds came from clandestine accounts, which were then laundered through the Crusade to various organizations such as Radio Liberty, which employed Dulles’s Fascists. Bill Casey, who later became CIA director under Ronald Reagan, also worked in Germany after World War II on Dulles’ Nazi ‘freedom fighters’ program. When he returned to New York, Casey headed up another OPC front, the International Rescue Committee, which sponsored the immigration of these Fascists to the United States. Casey’s committee replaced the International Red Cross as the sponsor for Dulles’s recruits. . . .
. . . . It was [George H.W.] Bush who fulfilled Nixon’s promise to make the ‘ethnic emigres’ a permanent part of Republican politics. In 1972, Nixon’s State Department spokesman confirmed to his Australian counterpart that the ethnic groups were very useful to get out the vote in several key states. Bush’s tenure as head of the Republican National Committee exactly coincided with Laszlo Pasztor’s 1972 drive to transform the Heritage Groups Council into the party’s official ethnic arm. The groups Pasztor chose as Bush’s campaign allies were the émigré Fascists whom Dulles had brought to the United States. . . . ”
In this chapter of our exploration of what’s wrong with the eurozone we’re going to take a look at the evolving nature of the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) quantitative easing (QE) program. Specifically, how the QE program was facing a set of obstacles that was going to require some tweaking to the program and how the solution to the obstacle was to basically choose the tweaks that harmed the weak, in particular Portugal. In favor of Germany, of course. Keep in mind that Portugal recently formed a left-wing anti-austerity government and has done relatively economically well since coming into power . Also keep in mind that Portugal is one of the few eurozone nations not facing a rising far-right “populist” movement as a response to its harsh austerity program. So you might say the timing is “right” for some preferential treatment of Portugal. Preferentially bad treatment.
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